Terrorism does remain an enduring threat in the region. In Africa, extremist groups are finding new ways to spread sectarian conflict by exploiting weak governance. Efforts by extremists, including al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb, to establish a safe haven in Mali have met stout resistance from the international community. But the threat of extremism in Africa is not limited to this country. In Somalia, the al-Qaeda affiliated terrorist group, al-Shabaab, has waged a bloody terrorist campaign in recent years. In 2012 there was a tremendous effort by the African union force, AMISOM, to re-establish peace and security in Somalia. Al-Shabaab, however, remains a potent threat to regional security. In Nigeria, Boko Haram conducts widespread killings and incites sectarian violence. (Time expired)